The map shows area of Kaikavian language. It includes also mixed Kaikavian-Stokavian dialects mostly at the edges of the dark green area. Besides this, the map shows areas in Slovenia where dialects similar or closed to Kaikavians are spoken. They can be regarded as transitional dialects from Slovene to Kaikavian language, however, some of them are originally clearly more Kaikavian (e.g. Prekmurye dialect 80% Kaikavian, 20% Slovene acording to its lexis and other linguistic elements) Some of these areas have been within Zagreb diocese still in 18th century like Prekmurje or parts of Prlekija, and other belonged or gravitated to Kaikavian cultural circle. It means they used Kaikaivan books and /or attended Kaikavian (high)schools.
Thus these connections are also still evident in e.g. family names which are same on both Croatian and Slovene border.
Clicking on the map you get bigger picture.
While the majority of Kaikavian dialects within the Kaikavian speaking region is known to public or they heard at least, the Kaikavian(transitional) dialects ar only known to some linguists. That is why we present them here for the 1st time to public.
DIALECTS SIMILAR TO KAIKAVIAN OUTSIDE OF KAIKAVIAN REGION
BUZET dialect:
Buzet dialect separated very early from other Kaikavian dialectbut it still kept some typical Kaikvian charcterstics. Since it is separated from the “mainland” of Kaikavian dialects, it can only have gotten its Kaikavian charactertics by being originally a Kaikavian dialect, which has taken over through centuries of language contact Chakavian and some Slovene elements.
The Buzet dialect differs in lexis and phonology from the most dialects in Istria and neighboring Slovenia (and is similar to older Kaikavian dijalects like Bednjanski).
Sources:
- Informations from the field from native speakers who both know Chakavian and Kaikavian tell us that Buzed dialect is similar to Kaikavian dialects, with Chakavian influence.
- Rac M., Lovrić A.Ž.: Naravoslovno nazivlje istarskih polukajkavaca oko Buzeta. Zbornik Tjedna kajkavske kulture knj. 2, Muži zagorskog srca, Zabok-Krapina, 2006.
- Kaikavian Dialect of Buzet (in Croatian)
PREKMURJE:
Prekmurye was till the end of 18th. ct. in Zagreb diocese, and developed within Kaikavian cultural circle. Original Prekmurye dialect shares characteristics of with Kaikaivan language more than with todays Slovene. Martjanska pesmarica from 16th century is the oldest Kaikavian handwritten book of folk-songs. (Ivan Zvonar 1998)
Sources:
- Ivan Zvonar: MOTIVSKO-TEMATSKI SVIJET U KUKULJEVIĆEVIM ZAPISIMA KAJKAVSKIH USMENIH PJESAMA, 1998, HAZU Varaždin
- Lončarić, Celinić: Susret slovenskih prekmurskih i hrvatskih međimurskih govora, Slavistična revija, 2007, št. 1-2
PORABJE:
Belongs to Prekmurye dialect with some special features. According to our comparation of words (and according to development of vowels see Lončarič, Celinič), Porabian words and exrepssions are a lot more similar to Kaikavian, mostly to dialect of Upper Megymorye.
- Source: Francek Mukič: PORABSKO-KNJIŽNOSLOVENSKO-MADŽARSKI SLOVAR, Sombatelj 2005.
PRLEKIJA:
Prlekija also developed withing Kaikavian cultural circleand was under heavy influence of Varaždin. Also one of the most famous Slovenian philologists, Franc Miklošič from vicinity of Ljutomer, attented the high-school of Varaždin.
- Source: Golec, Boris: “So bili štajerski Prleki v 18. stoletju Hrvatje in kakšno vlogo je imel pri tem Varaždin?”, Zbornik “800 godina slobodnog kraljevskog grada Varaždina 1209.-2009”, 2009.
PODČETRTEK:
As much as we could hear in the field, visiting Podčetrtek (Sveta Ema), their dialect (Kozjanski) has Kaikavian accentuation system and Kaikavian lexis.
If it belongs to Kaikavian language, needs to be explored in the future, but we keep it under dialects similar to Kaikavian. Also Kaikavians around Hum na Sutli – say that their Kaikavian dialect is mostly similar to “how Slovenes over the border speak“.
Source:
Listen for yourself: Ivan Žakar, 80% Kaikavian, around 20% Slovenian!
- Jembrih, Alojz: Obilježja dvaju govora uz rijeku Sutlu: Podčertka u Sloveniji i Razvora u Hrvatskoj, Časopis za kulturu “Hrvatsko Zagorje”, 2003.
HALOŠKI:
Dialect south of Ptuj. Similar to Prekmurye and Porabye dialect, different from majority of Slovenian dialects. Also similar development like dialects of Kaikavian language.
- Lundberg, Grant H.: Typology of Tone Loss in Haloze, Slovenia: An Acoustic and Autosegmental Analysis, 2001