{"id":15,"date":"2013-04-24T18:49:20","date_gmt":"2013-04-24T18:49:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zvirek.net\/Kajkavskijezik\/?page_id=15"},"modified":"2015-08-25T12:54:55","modified_gmt":"2015-08-25T12:54:55","slug":"15-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kajkavski-jezik.eu\/en\/gramatika\/15-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Deklinacija"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Deklinacija (kaj.\u00a0prememba<\/em>) je zmena rie\u010di \u010dez pade\u017ee. Rie\u010di menjaju svoje sufikse, i kak takva je tipi\u010dna za Slavenske jezike. Menjanje sufiksov v deklinaciji se more najti i v drugih neslavenskih jezikih, al v menj\u0161i meri, kak re\u010demo v Nem\u0161kom, gde se \u010dlani menjanju (np.\u00a0der, des, dem, den<\/em>) ili v Engleskom z svojem posesivnem oblikem (John > John’s<\/em>) ki je ostatek genitiva, ili v deklinaciji osobnih zamenic (I > me, he > him, she > her)<\/em>. Rie\u010di se dekliniraju tak da im se na temelje me\u010deju odgovaraju\u010di sufiksi.
\nKajkavski jez\u00edk ima\u00a0\u0161est<\/strong> pade\u017eov<\/strong>. Vokativ je identi\u010dni nominativu pa se ne navodi.<\/p>\n

Vupitne zamenice\u00a0gdo\/\u0161to<\/strong><\/em> i kaj<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
N<\/td>\ngdo(\u0161to)<\/td>\nkaj<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G<\/td>\n\u0161\/teroga<\/td>\n\u010desa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D<\/td>\n\u0161\/terem<\/td>\n\u010demu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/td>\n\u0161\/teroga<\/td>\nkaj<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L<\/td>\n\u0161\/terom\/u<\/td>\n\u010demu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I<\/td>\n\u0161\/terem(kem)<\/td>\n\u010dem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/h2>\n

Vupitni predlogi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
NOMINATIV<\/td>\n\u00d8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GENITIV<\/td>\nod, brez\/bez, ob, okoli, ober, z\/iz<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DATIV<\/td>\n\u00d8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AKUZATIV<\/td>\n\u010drez \/ \u010dez<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOKATIV<\/td>\nv\/vu<\/strong>, na, po, pri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
INSTRUMENTAL<\/td>\nz\/s<\/em><\/strong>, med, pred<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Deklinacija imenic<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\u00a0Mu\u0161ki rod<\/td>\n\u00a0\u017denski rod<\/td>\n\u00a0Srednji rod<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sufiks<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0-\u00d8 (\u010dlovek<\/em>)<\/td>\n-a (vodja<\/em>)<\/td>\n-a (hi\u017ea<\/em>)<\/td>\n-\u00d8 (stran<\/em>)<\/td>\n-o (selo<\/em>)<\/td>\n-e (vrieme<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pade\u017e<\/em><\/td>\njed.<\/td>\n\u00a0vn.<\/td>\njed.<\/td>\nvn.<\/td>\njed.<\/td>\n\u00a0vn.<\/td>\njed.<\/td>\n\u00a0vn.<\/td>\njed.<\/td>\n\u00a0vn.<\/td>\njed.<\/td>\n\u00a0vn.<\/td>\ntantum (hla\u010de<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0N<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0-\u00d8<\/td>\n-i<\/td>\n\u00a0-a<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-a<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-\u00d8<\/td>\n\u00a0-i<\/td>\n\u00a0-o<\/td>\n\u00a0 -a<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-a<\/td>\n\u00a0\u00a0-\u00d8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0G<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0-a<\/td>\n-ov<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-\u00d8<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-\u00d8 (hi\u017e<\/em>)<\/td>\n\u00a0-i<\/td>\n\u00a0-i<\/td>\n\u00a0-a<\/td>\n\u00a0-\u00d8 (sel<\/em>)<\/td>\n\u00a0-a<\/td>\n-en<\/td>\n\u00a0\u00a0-\u00d8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0D<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0-u<\/td>\n-om\/em<\/td>\n\u00a0-i<\/td>\n\u00a0-am<\/td>\n\u00a0-i<\/td>\n\u00a0-am<\/td>\n\u00a0-i<\/td>\n\u00a0-im<\/td>\n\u00a0-u<\/td>\n\u00a0-om<\/td>\n\u00a0-u<\/td>\n\u00a0-e\/am<\/td>\n\u00a0-e\/am<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0A<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0-a<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-u<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-u<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-i<\/td>\n\u00a0-i<\/td>\n\u00a0-o<\/td>\n\u00a0-a<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-a<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0L<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0-u<\/td>\n-ih<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-ah<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-ah<\/td>\n\u00a0-\u00d8<\/td>\n\u00a0-ih<\/td>\n\u00a0-u<\/td>\n\u00a0-ih<\/td>\n\u00a0-u<\/td>\n\u00a0-\u00d8 (oveh vremen<\/em>)<\/td>\n\u00a0-\u00d8 (oveh hla\u010d<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0I \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n-om<\/td>\n\u00a0-i<\/td>\n-om<\/td>\n-ami\/emi<\/td>\n\u00a0-om<\/td>\n\u00a0-ami<\/td>\n\u00a0-ju<\/td>\n-jum<\/td>\n-om<\/td>\n\u00a0-i<\/td>\n-om<\/td>\n\u00a0-ni<\/td>\n\u00a0-ami<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Rie\u010di \u0161tere spadaju skupini, \u0161tera zavr\u0161uje z nultim nastavkom (-\u00d8), moreju imeti v\u00a0mu\u0161kom rodu v instrumentalu\u00a0i sufiksa\u00a0-um<\/em>\/-jum<\/em>.
\nDeklinacija imenic v jednini je fest spodobna\u00a0vu vseh slavenskeh jezikih, a Kajkavski je s\u010duval za razliku od \u0161tokavskih govorov nezjedna\u010dene<\/em>\u00a0sufikse v pluralu. (v \u0161tok<\/em>. su zjedna\u010deni,\u00a0DLI:<\/strong> -ima<\/em>; kaj<\/em>\u00a0D<\/strong> -em<\/em>, L<\/strong> –ih<\/em>, I<\/strong> –i<\/em>). V \u0161tokavskom je sufiks -ima<\/em> je potekel z sufiksov za dvojinu. Ti sufiksi su se zader\u017eali v Kajkavskom v oblikeh plurala za ve\u010d\u00a0od 2 jedinic (to je zvirno slavensko – zato se ti obliki i imenuju\u00a0dvojina<\/b>): dvoa \u010dloveka > \u0161tok. DLI “dvama \u010dovjekima.”\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Deklinacija pridevov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\u00a0Mu\u0161ki rod<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0\u017denski rod<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0Srednji rod<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Pade\u017ei<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0jed.<\/td>\n\u00a0vn.<\/td>\n\u00a0jed.<\/td>\n\u00a0vn.<\/td>\n\u00a0jed.<\/td>\n\u00a0vn.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Nominativ<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0-\u00d8<\/td>\n\u00a0-i<\/td>\n\u00a0-a<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-o (-e)<\/td>\n\u00a0-a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Genitiv<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0-ega<\/td>\n\u00a0-eh<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-ih\/-eh<\/td>\n\u00a0-ega<\/td>\n\u00a0-eh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Dativ<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0-emu<\/td>\n\u00a0-em<\/td>\n\u00a0-i<\/td>\n\u00a0-im\/-em<\/td>\n\u00a0-emu<\/td>\n\u00a0-em<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Akuzativ<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0-ega<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-u<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-o (-e)<\/td>\n\u00a0-u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Lokativ<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0-emu<\/td>\n\u00a0-ih<\/td>\n\u00a0-e<\/td>\n\u00a0-ih<\/td>\n\u00a0-emu<\/td>\n\u00a0-ih<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Instrumental<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0-em<\/td>\n\u00a0-mi<\/td>\n\u00a0-um<\/td>\n\u00a0-emi<\/td>\n\u00a0-em<\/td>\n\u00a0-emi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

Deklinacija osobneh i posvojneh zamenic<\/h2>\n

Osobne zamenice (ja, ti, on, ona, ono, mi, vi, oni, one, ona<\/em>)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0N<\/strong><\/td>\nja<\/td>\nti<\/td>\non<\/td>\nona<\/td>\nmi<\/td>\nvi<\/td>\noni<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0G<\/strong><\/td>\nme(ne)<\/td>\nte(be)<\/td>\n(nje)ga<\/td>\nnje<\/td>\nnas<\/td>\nvas<\/td>\nnjih<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0D<\/strong><\/td>\nm(en)i<\/td>\ntebi<\/td>\nnjemu<\/td>\nnjoj<\/td>\nnama<\/td>\nvama<\/td>\nnjima<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0A<\/strong><\/td>\nme(ne)<\/td>\nte(be)<\/td>\n(nje)ga<\/td>\nnju<\/td>\nnas<\/td>\nvas<\/td>\nnjieh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0L<\/strong><\/td>\nmeni\/mej<\/td>\ntebi\/tej<\/td>\n(nje)mu<\/td>\nnjoj<\/td>\nnam\/i<\/td>\nvam\/i<\/td>\nnjem\/i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0I<\/strong><\/td>\nmenum<\/td>\ntebum<\/td>\nnjim<\/td>\nnjum<\/td>\nnami<\/td>\nvami<\/td>\nnjimi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Zamenica ono<\/em> v svih pade\u017eih glasi isto kak zamenica on<\/em>, a zamenice oni<\/em>, one<\/em> ter ona <\/em>(vn.)\u00a0glase isto v deklinaciji pa je pokazana lestor deklinacija zamenice oni<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Posvojne zamenice (moj, tvoj, njegov, njen, njegov, na\u0161, va\u0161, njihov, njihov, njihov<\/em>)<\/h3>\n

Posvojne zamenice se menjaju tak da se na gori napisane temelje denu nastavki za deklinaciju pridevov.
\nPelda: \u010de povedam “moj pes”<\/em>, rie\u010d\u00a0moj<\/em><\/strong> se deklinira ovak:\u00a0moj<\/strong>, mojega<\/strong>, mojemu<\/strong>, mojega<\/strong>, o mojem<\/strong>, z mojem<\/strong><\/em>. \u010ce pak velim “moja hi\u017ea”<\/em>, moja<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0se deklinira tak:\u00a0moja<\/strong>, moje<\/strong>, moji<\/strong>, moju<\/strong>, o moje<\/strong>, z mojom.
\n<\/strong><\/em>Posvojna zamenica od\u00a0ono\u00a0<\/em>glasi isto kak posvojna zamenica od\u00a0on.<\/em> Takaj\u0161e i zamenice od oni<\/em>, one<\/em> ter ona<\/em> imeju istu posvojnu zamenicu\u00a0njihov<\/em>.<\/span>