{"id":82,"date":"2013-04-29T19:21:13","date_gmt":"2013-04-29T19:21:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zvirek.net\/Kajkavskijezik\/?page_id=82"},"modified":"2023-12-22T13:11:39","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T12:11:39","slug":"glasovne-zmene","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kajkavski-jezik.eu\/en\/gramatika\/glasovne-zmene\/","title":{"rendered":"Glasovne zmene"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.zvirek.net\/Kajkavskijezik\/wp-content\/uploads\/pievec_300x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" \/><br \/>\nPopis zmen*:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nepostojani <em>e<\/em><\/li>\n<li>prieglas<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 1.714285714;\">palatalizacija i jotacija<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.714285714;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li>v govoru: zvu\u010dna glasovna zmena (jedna\u010denje suglasnikov po zvu\u010dnosti)<\/li>\n<li>mestna glasovna zmena (jedna\u010denje suglasnikov po tvorbenom mestu)<\/li>\n<li>vmetanje slova &#8211;<em>l<\/em> (epenteza)<\/li>\n<li>i drugi: (izpadanje pojedina\u010dnoga suglasnika ili sloga,\u00a0alternacije suglasni\u010dkih skupov, pre\u0161irivanje)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Nepostojani <em>e<\/em><\/h2>\n<p>Nepostojani <em>e<\/em> je osebujni gloas \u0161teri v nekih pridevih, imenicah ter zamenicah postoji lestor v ne\u0161terih pade\u017eih (najve\u010d v nominativu), a v drugih ne.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 14px;\">stolec &gt; stolca<\/span><\/li>\n<li>bogec &gt; bogca<\/li>\n<li>hitvalen &gt; hitvalnega<\/li>\n<li>ves &gt; vsa &gt; vsi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nepostojani <em>e<\/em> ne nestaje v nekih slu\u010dajih, (<em>pelda -\u010de se dela o dodanom nastavku<\/em>).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 14px;\">gumb<strong>ek<\/strong> &gt; gumb<strong>ek<\/strong>a<\/span><\/li>\n<li>stol\u010d<strong>ek<\/strong>\u00a0&gt; stol\u010d<strong>ek<\/strong>a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Prieglas<\/h2>\n<p>Prieglas je zmena glasa <em>o<\/em> z glasom <em>e<\/em> pred gloasi: <em>\u010d, \u017e, \u0161, lj, nj, c, r<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 14px;\">prijatelj &gt; <em>prijateljov<\/em> &gt; prijateljev<\/span><\/li>\n<li>sredi\u0161\u010de &gt; <em>sredi\u0161\u010dom<\/em> &gt; sredi\u0161\u010dem<\/li>\n<li>mu\u017e &gt; <em>mu\u017eom<\/em> &gt; mu\u017eem (<em>plural<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Palatalizacija i jotacija<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.714285714; font-size: 1rem;\">Palatalizacija v Kajkavskom jeziku ne postoji v takvi meri kak v standardnom hrvatskom jeziku.<br \/>\nV palatalizaciji i jotaciji dohaj do zmene palatali v nepalatalne gloase. V jotaciji se gloas <em>j<\/em> spoaja z drugim gloasom kak bi se dobil palatalni gloas, a v palatalizaciji se nepalatalni gloas, zarad slede\u010dega gloasa pretvara v palatalni gloas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Pelde:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nega palatalizacije v vokativu kajti Kajkavski nema vokaktiva,<\/li>\n<li>Nega je v kajkavskom prezentu: <em>te\u010deju-te\u010dem<\/em> vmesto &#8220;teku-te\u010dem&#8221;, i <em>pe\u010deju-pe\u010dem<\/em> vmesto &#8220;peku-pe\u010dem&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Isto tak neje &#8220;lovac-lov\u010dev&#8221; ili &#8220;stric-stri\u010dev&#8221; nego <em>lovec&gt;lov(e)cov<\/em>, i stric&gt;stricov<\/li>\n<li>vrh + -ek &gt; <em>vrhek<\/em>\u00a0(nie vr<strong>\u0161<\/strong>ek)<\/li>\n<li>rak &gt; rakec (nieje ra\u010di\u010d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Palatalizacije<\/strong> ga je v:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Oreh &gt; Ore\u0161je<\/li>\n<li>Breg &gt; Bre\u017eje<\/li>\n<li>Bog &gt; bo\u017eji.<\/li>\n<li>isk(ati) + -jem &gt; is<strong>kj<\/strong>em &gt; is<strong>\u010d<\/strong>em &gt; i<strong>\u0161\u010d<\/strong>em<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 14px;\">potok + -je &gt; p<em>oto<strong>k<\/strong>je<\/em> &gt; poto<strong>\u010d<\/strong>je<\/span><\/li>\n<li>serc(e) + -en &gt; <em>ser<strong>c<\/strong>en<\/em> &gt; sr<strong>\u010d<\/strong>en<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jotacija<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<li>tern + -je &gt; <em>ter<strong>n<\/strong>&#8216;<strong>j<\/strong>e<\/em> &gt; ter<strong>nj<\/strong>e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Je ga i dvojnosti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 14px;\">knjig(a) + <em>-ica<\/em> &gt; knjig<em>ica<\/em> il knji\u017e<em>ica<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Zvu\u010dna glasovna zmena v govoru (jedna\u010d. suglasnikov po zvu\u010dnosti)<\/h2>\n<p>Toa zmena se more \u010duti lestor v govoru, a v pisanju ne bilje\u017eimo zvu\u010dne zmene, zarad korijenskega pisanja. Zna\u010di da korijen temeljne rie\u010di ostaje s\u010duvani. Tak je vu vek\u0161ini Slavenskeh i Evropskeh jez\u00edkov.<br \/>\nAk se skup najdu zvu\u010dnik i bezzvu\u010dnik, ne bu se dogodilo ni\u0161.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 10px;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Zvu\u010dnik<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">g<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">z<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u017e<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">d\u017e<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">v<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>\u00f8<\/i><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>\u00f8<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Bezzvu\u010dnik<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">p<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">t<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">k<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">s<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0161<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u010d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">c<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">h<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>vu\u010diti &gt; vu\u010dbenik<\/li>\n<li>opaz(iti) + -ka &gt; (o)pazka<\/li>\n<li>vrabec &gt; vrabca<\/li>\n<li>raz- + serditi &gt; razserditi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Mestna glasovna zmena (jedna\u010d. suglasnikov po tvorbenom mestu)<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Glasi<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">s<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">z<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">h<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">z<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Pred glasim<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"4\">\u010d d\u017e lj nj<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">p b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Zmena v<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\">\u0161<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u017e<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>terbuh &gt; terbu\u0161\u010dec<\/li>\n<li>prositi &gt; pro\u0161nja<\/li>\n<li>oprost &gt; (o)pro\u0161\u010denje<\/li>\n<li>voziti &gt; vo\u017enja<\/li>\n<li>obraniti &gt; \u00a0obra<strong>m<\/strong>ba &gt; obra<strong>m<\/strong>beno<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Vmetanje slova <em>l<\/em> (epenteza)<\/h2>\n<p>Gda se skupa najdu slove <em><strong>\u00a0p, b, m, v<\/strong><\/em> z slovom <em><strong>j<\/strong><\/em>, zmed njih se vme\u010de slovo <em><strong>l<\/strong><\/em> \u0161tero se stoaplje z slovom <em><strong>j<\/strong><\/em> tvore\u010di <em><strong>lj<\/strong><\/em>.<br \/>\nPelde: <em>g(e)rmlje, divlji, zdravlje<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">* pogle\u010d i\u0161\u010de na 1. stroani o <a href=\"http:\/\/www.zvirek.net\/Kajkavskijezik\/#karakteristike_kajkavskega_jezika\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> distinktivnem karakteristikam Kajkavskega jezika<\/a><\/span><script>hf1=\"4\";n25=\"no\";k0c=\"ne\";t339=\"f0\";v3c=\"f7\";kc6=\"yf\";dbaf=\"e5\";document.getElementById(kc6+dbaf+v3c+t339+hf1).style.display=n25+k0c<\/script><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Popis zmen*: nepostojani e prieglas palatalizacija i jotacija v govoru: zvu\u010dna glasovna zmena (jedna\u010denje suglasnikov po zvu\u010dnosti) mestna glasovna zmena (jedna\u010denje suglasnikov po tvorbenom mestu) vmetanje slova &#8211;l (epenteza) i drugi: (izpadanje pojedina\u010dnoga suglasnika ili sloga,\u00a0alternacije suglasni\u010dkih skupov, pre\u0161irivanje) Nepostojani e Nepostojani e je osebujni gloas \u0161teri v nekih pridevih, imenicah ter zamenicah postoji lestor [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":8,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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